Usta miniature painting, also known as Nakkashi, originated in the royal ateliers of Bikaner during the 16th–17th centuries. Patronised by the Mughal emperors and later by Bikaner rulers, Usta artists developed a distinctive style blending Persian detailing with Indian aesthetics. The term Usta refers to master artisans skilled in fine painting, gold embossing, and lacquer techniques. Originally executed on palace walls, wooden panels, camel leather, and temple ceilings, Usta work is famous for its intricate designs and real gold leaf embossing achieved through a unique process called gold nakhashi.